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The lute tablature fragment with the signature CZ-Pnm XIII B 237, also known as the Codex Jacobides, is one of the most seminal Czech relics of lute music, and instrumental music in general, of the early 17th century. It hails from Prague during and after the reign of Emperor Rudolf II. In all likelihood, it was written and used by someone connected with the Prague University, presumably a student. Unlike all the other lute tablatures from the Czech milieu dating from this era, Codex Jacobides also contains art music for solo lute, including the earliest surviving instrumental piece where we know the name of the Czech author. Codex Jacobides also includes intabulations of Regnart’s German villanelle, of French chansons and Italian madrigals, and period dances from various countries—a testimony to the international culture of Prague during the reign of Rudolf II.