PARTICIPLE CLAUSES (přechodniky) (prog to prof p. 19)


I.                simultaneous actions

original: Bob walked through the park and talked on his cellphone/mobile.


PC: Walking through the park, Bob talked on …..


II.           Explaining the reason for something

Original: Bob was dead tired, so he worked slowly.

(Clumsy:) Bob did not know the way, so he got lost.


PC: (Being) dead tired, Bob worked slowly.

Negative: Not knowing the way, Bob got lost.


III.      previous action, substitute for předminulý čas

Original: Since Bob had finished his phone calls, he went home.


PC: Having finished his calls, Bob went home.


Some very common participle clauses:

Seeing the current situation, I think we should….

(Colloquial: Seeing as he’s so grumpy, I wouldn’t ask him the question now.)

Considering the weather, I want to stay home.

Regarding the report, he said that …

Knowing what I know now, I realize I have made a mistake.





Having heard that Bob collects butterflies, I asked him about it.


He sprinkled me with confetti.



(Being) drunk too quickly, coffee can give you hiccups.


Drinking coffee too quickly, you can get hiccups.


Crawling across the road, I saw a snake.

I saw a snake crawling across the road.


The war being over, he returned home to Prčice.


Considering our budget, I think that we should….


Seeing how she reacted last time, we should…


Hearing the key being turned in the lock, I died of fear. I was scared to death.



I prepared some documents for the Sitko Festival. I visited the ruins of Hukvald.


Having prepared some documents for Sitko, I (then) visited the ruins.



Drinking coffee and Cabernet Moravia, I prepared the documents for Sitko. That’s why it came out
square instead of circular J.